Utilising group process strategies for promoting physical activity in older adults

Considerable evidence has revealed that particular lifestyle behaviours, such as engaging in regular physical activity, play a beneficial role in preventing and reducing the prevalence of chronic disease and illness in older adults (Singh, 2002; Taylor et al., 2004). With this in mind, the focus of this research was to investigate the effects of a novel group-oriented intervention (study 1) and determine if this novel approach could act as a mechanism for physical activity behavioural change in an older adult population (study 2).

Study One included a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) which compared a standard group intervention to an enhanced group intervention focusing on elements of group theory, with respect to effects on physical activity behaviour. Results revealed no significant differences between the two intervention groups however, many of the outcome measures indicated significant changes across time for both groups. Although the intervention was successful in increasing physical activity, there was no apparent effect shown by the theory-based approach aimed at enhancing group cohesion.

Thus, the purpose of Study Two was to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which psychological based theories of group development and group process affect the physical activity behaviours of older adults. Analyses revealed that the direct measures of attitude and perceived behavioural control acted as mediating mechanisms between selected concepts of group cohesion and physical activity intention however, subjective norm failed to mediate this relationship. The mediating relationship that was displayed provides insight into potential mechanisms by which group cohesion may affect behaviour.

Although the insights gained from study one and two have contributed to areas of health promotion and health and exercise psychology, further research considering the relationship between group theory research and physical activity behaviour is recommended.