Transient overvoltages in mine power systems

 This thesis investigates the nature and magnitude of switching transient overvoltages that can be expected in inductively grounded underground coal mines. Computer models of power system equipment have been developed to analyse single-phase fault isolations; motor starts (including prestriking) and motor turn offs. The computer models that were developed have been validated against field recordings. The "Alternative Transients Program" (ATP) software was used to conduct the computer simulation studies. 

The underground substations used in Central Queensland coal mines are grounded through a Neutral Earthing Reactor (NER). The primary purpose of a NER is to limit earth fault currents. However, when a single -phase -to -ground fault occurs, energy is stored in the NER. Consequent to the isolation of such a fault, the energy stored in the NER is released. The release of this energy manifests itself as a transient overvoltage. This thesis investigates the effect of the rating of the NER and the value of the electric current at the instant of earth fault isolation on transient overvoltages. 

Two alternate earthing schemes were investigated in an attempt to reduce the severity of the transient overvoltages consequent to the isolation of earth faults. The first alternative that was investigated was the addition of a Resistor -Capacitor Snubber in parallel with a NER. Computer simulations indicate that the proper choice of Snubber parameters is very effective in reducing transient overvoltages following the isolation of earth faults. Consequently, a decision was made to manufacture a R -C Snubber and conduct field tests on the same. A summary of the field tests results has been included in the thesis. 

The other alternate grounding scheme that was investigated was the substitution of a Neutral Earthing Reactor with a Neutral Earthing Resistor. Computer simulations indicate that transient overvoltages following the isolation of earth faults are virtually eliminated if a Neutral Earthing Resistor is used. 

Consequent to this research work, the use of R -C Snubbers has become a recommended practice at various coal mine sites in Australia which use NER grounded, container type substations. The R -C Snubber is the preferred alternative at such installations as it is very compact and also eliminates the heating/reliability problems associated with resistance grounding. 

Vacuum contactors are used throughout the Central Queensland mines to frequently turn motors on and off. One of the most significant characteristics of vacuum contactors is their ability to interrupt high frequency currents. The consequence of this is that a considerable number of high frequency prestriking transients can be generated whenever a motor is turned on. These high frequency transients can lead to the premature aging of insulation. This thesis presents a computer model that was developed to simulate prestriking transients using the TACS (Transient Analysis of Control Systems) programming feature of the ATP software. Further investigation of prestriking transients was considered to be beyond the scope of the present research project. However, the unique TACS based prestriking model of a vacuum contactor that has been developed will be a useful tool for conducting further research.