There has been growing interest in Australia in the use of market-like mechanisms to manage natural resources and improve environmental conditions. Some of the development of these mechanisms has occurred through the National Market-Based Instruments (MBI) Pilot program, which was established in 2003 under the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality. There has also been interest and experimentation in the use of market-based instruments by natural resource management (NRM) groups, state government and local government.