Using a hybrid Delphi/nominal group technique to develop a tool for appraising the quality of mixed-method grounded theory research

BACKGROUND: Among the many methodological approaches used to generate new knowledge in nursing research are mixed methods and grounded theory. However, it can be challenging for researchers to achieve and demonstrate the philosophically congruent integration required in mixed-method, grounded-theory research. AIM: To use a hybrid of Delphi and nominal group techniques to develop a tool to appraise the quality of mixed-method, grounded-theory research. METHOD: The extant literature informed the construction of an evidence-based checklist and explanatory notes that were discussed and voted upon by experienced mixed-method and grounded-theory researchers. The tool was progressively piloted in three projects employing varying grounded-theory approaches. DISCUSSION: Experienced mixed-method and grounded-theory researchers discussed and voted on the construction of an evidence-based checklist and explanatory notes informed by the extant literature. The researchers piloted the tool in three rounds, with reference to previous studies that used various grounded-theory approaches. CONCLUSION: This study reports an effective strategy for gaining consensus to develop a tool demonstrating content, inter-rater and concurrent reliability. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurse researchers of various levels of expertise can use the tool developed in this study, which will accommodate future advances in mixed-method and grounded-theory research.