The appearance of oscillatory flows within a horizontal packed bed partly heated from below

We report on a numerical investigation of the unsteady mixed convective flow in a channel through a horizontal porous layer under localised isothermal heating from below to probe the oscillatory flow and thermal characteristics. The study was carried out for water flow within a plane channel containing stainless steel spherical particles. For this study, the channel height/particle diameter ratio was H/d=100 and the porosity was ɛ=0.35. The effects of the imposed pressure-driven flow characterised by the Péclet number (0.1≤Pe≤1000), and heating represented by the Rayleigh number (105≤Ra≤2×107), are investigated. The results reveal that for low Péclet numbers, steady free convective flows are dominant, while for high Péclet numbers, steady forced convective flows dominate. Importantly, no oscillatory flows are found to develop in the free and forced convection regimes. However, for moderate Péclet numbers, oscillatory mixed convective flows occur with different periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic flow behaviours. In addition, for low Rayleigh numbers, Ra≤106, the Nusselt number is not influenced by the Péclet number for Pe≤1. Nevertheless, for high Rayleigh numbers, Ra≥2×106, it is observed that there always exists a critical Péclet number for which the Nusselt number is a minimum. The effects of the Péclet and Rayleigh numbers on the local and average temperature disparity between the fluid and solid phases are then investigated.