There are valid arguments as to why aquaponics maybe an ecologically-minded and economically viable option for potential investors. However, at this time, the vast majority of aquaponic systems are simply not sustainable. Furthermore, there are other issues, aquaculture waste via the use of food web conversions and physical linkages. Both vermiponics and vaquaponics represent theoretical and technical progress toward sustainable primary production, which if practised widely, could impart substantial decentralised effects upon waste management, chemical-free food production, soil development and other associated aspects of resource management, environmental stewardship, economics and community health.