Smart water metering technology for water management in urban areas

Water meters are used for urban water management, especially for billing purposes. The relatively recent Smart Water Metering (SWM) technology provides high resolution and frequent water consumption data which can be used to improve feedback to consumers and thus enhance water conservation and management. This study reviewed the SWM technology and used a smart water metering pilot project to analyse the water consumption trends, and demonstrate the potential water conservation benefits of the technology. Out of a total of 158 water meters used in the study, 21 were found to have elevated baseline flows most likely caused by water losses from internal pipework leaks and leaking taps or appliances. The proportion of potential water loss to the total water usage ranged from 1.56 to 46.73%. Further research required in order to optimise the benefits of the technology is highlighted.