Review—New twists in the plot: Recent advances in electrochemical genosensors for disease screening

In this mini-review, we examine very recent (≤3 years) endeavors in electrochemical genosensor design and applications. Electrochemical genosensors are engineered working electrodes modified with sequences of bases that are selective toward the analyte pursuit, where the analyte bears complementary sequence to of bases. Our focus is purely from electrochemistry and current fluxes as signalers of detection. We explore developments in transducers and the electrochemical surface as applied toward detection of viruses for example, dengue, hepatitis, influenza and human immunodeficiency viruses, bacteria, for example Escherichia, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Meningitis and Brucella. We also include a section on detection of major diseases through RNA-targets, for example Parkinson's and Alzheimer's and ovarian and breast cancer disease biomarkers. Finally, we conclude the review with a brief appraisal of the technologies adopted in recent times and possible future directions in genosensor design.