On the energy impact of cool roofs in Dubai

Urban warming can significantly increase the energy demand for building cooling. As temperatures rise, buildings require additional energy for air conditioning, which can lead to higher electricity demand and increased greenhouse gas emissions. This can create a positive feedback loop, as increased energy demand leads to increased waste heat and further exacerbates the urban warming effect. To solve this issue, this study integrates high-resolution meteorological data from the Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (WRF/SLUCM) into CitySim for the first time to evaluate the building energy demands at various building types in Dubai metropolis. Examining how cool materials reduced cooling loads was achievable utilizing modified albedo in Dubai's downtown buildings. An increase of urban albedo from 0.2 to 0.8 significantly lowers the urban heating effect, as well as the building cooling needs. The study shows that for albedo scenario 0.8, Low-rise residential buildings experienced cooling load reductions of about 13.1 kWh/m2 and 6 kWh/m2 for buildings without insulation and those with insulation, respectively, compared to the base case. Additionally, high-rise residential buildings saw cooling load reductions ranging from 7.7 kWh/m2 to 11.7 kWh/m2 for buildings without insulation and a cooling load reduction of 3.6 kWh/m2 to 5.4 kWh/m2 for insulated buildings. This study provides a tool for regulating the energy impact of cool roofs in different urban settings using energy simulation, which could help policymakers control the energy needs in subtropical desert urban environments.