Neurological examination of the peripheral nervous system to diagnose lumbar spinal disc herniation with suspected radiculopathy : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Disc herniation is a common low back pain (LBP) disorder, and several clinical test procedures are routinely employed in its diagnosis. The neurological examination that assesses sensory neuron and motor responses has historically played a role in the differential diagnosis of disc herniation, particularly when radiculopathy is suspected; however, the diagnostic ability of this examination has not been explicitly investigated.