Intelligent techniques for simulation and modelling

An engineering or a scientific problem is often based on some physical natures. To solve such a problem, we need to formulate the problem as a mathematical model in terms of variables, functions, and equations. The process of creating such a model, solving it, and interpreting the result in physical, chemical, geometric, engineering, or other terms is modelling. Such a model is likely comprised of a number of unknown factors, such as temporal and spatial constraints. By varying one or more of these unknown factors within the limits, different outcomes can be generated from the mathematical model and/or solution. These outcomes correlate to different physical, chemical, geometric, engineering scenarios. This model-based iterative mathematical computation is simulation. Modelling and simulation are two different but closely related approaches in many disciplines.