Incorporating socio-economic factors in maximizing two-dimensional demand coverage and minimizing distance to uncovered demand: A dual-objective MCLP approach for fire station location selection

In this study, we employ a dual-objective optimization model, utilizing the Implicit Modified Coverage Location Problem (MCLP-Implicit) approach, to determine an appropriate fire station allocation. Our objectives encompass maximizing coverage in areas with a heightened projected demand, based on socioeconomic predictors of building fires, and concurrently minimizing the distance of uncovered demand zones to the closest fire station. The challenges of this model reflect the criticality of strategic placement, aiming for not just swift response times but also the complete coverage of a region with priority given to subregions with a pronounced potential for incidents. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study in south-east Queensland. Our findings indicate that there is a tangible justification for adopting this model. The broader coverage and wider spread of locations it produces can greatly aid in the dynamic deployment of personnel during surges caused by seasonal fluctuations or unforeseen calamities. By weaving in socioeconomic aspects into demand predictions, our model has also maintained appropriate coverage to socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in the region. Nevertheless, it is paramount to underline the recommendation that further research should account for road connectivity—a pivotal factor when pinpointing these locations in the real world. This research paves the way for enriched insights in long-term urban planning and fire response protocol crafting, especially in regions mirroring similar socioeconomic profiles or risks of natural disasters, not to mention its commercial implications to the relevant industry servicing the fire and rescue authorities.