Frameworks that guide curriculum development in Australian higher education

Background: In Australia, accrediting body competencies reflect paramedic professional practice rather than informing curriculum development for higher education institutions. Purpose: This article will investigate frameworks that can be used to design curriculum development. Method: An initial focused discourse analysis of the grey literature was undertaken followed by a systematic review. Findings: Three of the 18 institutions in Australia and New Zealand that offer paramedic education identified some form of framework. Two theories were identified as applicable in supporting the development of curricula that are focused on the expanded scope of practice of paramedicine. Discussion: The current and future scope in paramedicine will define the development of curricula, especially in relation to a more primary-focused healthcare model. Conclusion: Further research is required to establish a consensus on what constitutes the essential core knowledge and skills required by graduate paramedics so that they are able to deliver patient care proficiently.