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Carbohydrate and protein intake during exertional heat stress ameliorates intestinal epithelial injury and small intestine permeability
journal contribution
posted on 2022-04-13, 00:50 authored by Rhiannon MJ Snipe, Anthony Khoo, Cecilia KiticCecilia Kitic, Peter R Gibson, Ricardo JS CostaExertional heat stress (EHS) disturbs the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract leading to endotoxaemia and cytokinaemia, which have symptomatic and health implications. This study aimed to determine the effects of carbohydrate and protein intake during EHS on gastrointestinal integrity, symptoms, and systemic responses. Eleven (male, n = 6; female, n = 5) endurance runners completed 2 h of running at 60% maximal oxygen uptake in 35°C ambient temperature on 3 occasions in randomised order, consuming water (WATER), 15 g glucose (GLUC), or energy-matched whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) before and every 20 min during EHS. Rectal temperature and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded every 10 min during EHS. Blood was collected pre- and post-EHS, and during recovery to determine plasma concentrations of intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (I-FABP) as a marker of intestinal epithelial injury, cortisol, endotoxin, and inflammatory cytokines. Urinary lactulose/L-rhamnose ratio was used to measure small intestine permeability. Compared with WATER, GLUC, and WPH ameliorated EHS associated intestinal epithelial injury (I-FABP: 897 ± 478 pg·mL−1 vs. 123 ± 197 pg·mL−1 and 82 ± 156 pg·mL−1, respectively, p < 0.001) and small intestine permeability (lactulose/L-rhamnose ratio: 0.034 ± 0.014 vs. 0.017 ± 0.005 and 0.008 ± 0.002, respectively, p = 0.001). Endotoxaemia was observed post-EHS in all trials (10.2 pg·mL−1, p = 0.001). Post-EHS anti-endotoxin antibodies were higher (p < 0.01) and cortisol and interleukin-6 lower (p < 0.05) on GLUC than WATER only. Total and upper gastrointestinal symptoms were greater on WPH, compared with GLUC and WATER (p < 0.05), in response to EHS. In conclusion, carbohydrate and protein intake during EHS ameliorates intestinal injury and permeability. Carbohydrate also supports endotoxin clearance and reduces stress markers, while protein appears to increase gastrointestinal symptoms, suggesting that carbohydrate is a more appropriate option.
History
Volume
42Issue
12Start Page
1283End Page
1292Number of Pages
10eISSN
1715-5320ISSN
1715-5312Location
CanadaPublisher
Canadian Science PublishingPublisher DOI
Full Text URL
Language
engPeer Reviewed
- Yes
Open Access
- No
Acceptance Date
2017-07-26External Author Affiliations
Monash UniversityEra Eligible
- Yes
Medium
Print-ElectronicJournal
Applied Physiology, Nutrition and MetabolismUsage metrics
Categories
Keywords
Gastrointestinal symptomsGlucoseHeat exposureI-FABPRunningWhey protein hydrolysatecourseexposition à la chaleurhydrolysat de petit-laitsymptômes gastro-intestinauxAdultBlood GlucoseBody TemperatureCytokinesDietary CarbohydratesDietary ProteinsExerciseFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansHydrocortisoneIntestinal MucosaIntestine, SmallMaleOrganism Hydration StatusPermeabilityHuman Movement and Sports Science not elsewhere classifiedHealth PromotionClinical and Sports Nutrition