Ageing, institutional thoughtlessness, and normalisation in Japan’s prisons

Like other industrialised countries, Japan has experienced a rapid increase in the proportion of incarcerated older adults. This increase is problematic because prisons were not designed to accommodate the needs of the older adults who increasingly fill them, leading to immense financial, legal, and human costs as jurisdictions struggle to adapt to the demographic change. Some refer to this failure to adjust to changing demographics as “institutional thoughtlessness”. While a growing body of research points to concerns associated with the ageing trend, less work explicitly aims to understand the most effective ways to cope with the reality of the unprecedented number of older adults who are currently incarcerated. Using Japan as a case study, we argue that the misalignment between prison infrastructure and the changing physical and mental health needs of incarcerated people calls for a need to normalise prisons. Making prison life more similar to life outside of prison would reduce age-related risks like social isolation and dementia while improving the health, welfare, and reintegration of older adults.