PSO tuned marine microgrid load frequency control

This paper recommends a load frequency controller (LFC) for integrating non-conventional energy resources into marine vessel's power system. The LFC, based on a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO), addresses frequency deviations caused by non-conventional energy sources and non-linear dynamic loads in isolated hybrid marine microgrid. The controller's design considers transfer functions of microgrid components, while its performance is evaluated using integral time absolute error (ITAE) and integral time square error (ITSE) indices. Validation is conducted through real-time simulations using the DS 1104 R&D controller board. The operational results demonstrate the superior performance of the tuned LFC in regulating frequency deviations, with improved rise time, fall time, slew rate, and overshoot compared to the non-optimized controller. This research presents a resilient and efficient LFC design that effectively addresses frequency deviations in marine microgrids through the integration of non-conventional energy resources. The findings may contribute in advancing the sustainable operation of marine vessels, enabling energy source diversification and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.