Multi-objective solution of reducing call drop rate and maximizing throughput by ant colony optimization in 5G heterogeneous networks

The increasing demand for high-speed wireless communication has made it imperative to provide reliable handover methods in 5G and beyond cellular networks. With the proliferation of data-hungry applications, increasing cell density (small cells) has become necessary to achieve higher throughput or data rates. However, this poses a challenge in terms of maintaining Quality of Experience for end users, as there is a risk of call drops during hand-offs and the downfall of throughput too. To address these issues, an optimized algorithm has been proposed that leverages the Ant Colony Optimization technique to solve this multi-objective problem of reducing call drop rate and maximizing throughput. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulations in MATLAB, and the results demonstrate its potential to improve the throughput along with minimization of call drops for end-users. This paper presents a novel approach towards achieving reliable hand-offs in next-generation 5G and beyond heterogeneous networks.