Urbanization and new jobs creation in healthcare services in India: Challenges and opportunities

Urbanization in developing countries of Asia, Africa, and India is growing at an unprecedented rate. For the last three decades, urbanization has led to migration and concentration of population in urban cities and put pressure on public infrastructure, health, education, and transportation due to population growth. This has caused disparities between the elite and urban-poor in India in terms of shortage of human resources in the public health system, new job creation in the healthcare sector and medical tourism in India in particular and Asian economies engaged in global medical travel business of catering to local and foreign patients. The main contribution of this chapter is to critically discuss the opportunities and challenges faced by public and private hospitals for new job creation in healthcare, due to urbanization and emergence of corporate private hospitals that export health care services in India, followed by policy implications, future research directions, and conclusion.