This chapter reviews relevant empirical studies concerning the use of student self-assessment in the compulsory school sector (K-12) to help establish which claims about self-assessment are empirically supported. Previous reviews of this topic have focused primarily on higher education students (e.g., Boud & Falchikov, 1989; Dochy,Segers, & Sluijsmans, 1999; Falchikov & Boud,1989; Mabe & West, 1982). This chapter contributes to our understanding of self-assessment in public schooling.