Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance

This chapter explores describes function, distribution, movement, and regulation of fluids and electrolytes in the body along with the regulation of acid–base balance I including the roles of the lungs, the kidneys and buffers. It identifies factors affecting normal body fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance and discusses the risk factors for and the causes and effects of fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base imbalances. Assessment, nursing diagnoses, outcomes, interventions and evaluation of clients with altered fluid, electrolyte, or acid–base balance are explored including the measures to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, such as enteral or parenteral replacements and blood transfusions.