Electrotherapeutic techniques

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a commonly used intervention in rehabilitation programs for increasing muscle mass and force in individuals with partial loss of motor function, such as following spinal cord injury. 1, Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a type ofNMES with the means of producing useful movement and may be used to assist in the performance of a functional task in paralysed muscles. However, both terms NMES and FES are usually utilised interchangeably in the literature, a pattern which will be followed throughout this chapter.